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中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******

　　中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文·麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。

　　资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀摄

　　由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。

　　麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。

　　一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。

　　此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。

　　作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。

　　美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。

　　这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。

　　从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。

　　两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。

　　House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy

　　(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".

　　The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.

　　Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.

　　On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.

　　On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.

　　Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.

　　As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.

　　But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.

　　CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.

　　This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.

　　Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.

　　From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.

　　Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.

　　The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.

山西开展煤矿专项检查 责令停产整顿煤矿33座******

　　中新网太原1月10日电 (吴琼)记者10日从山西省应急管理厅获悉，该省通报全省煤矿“一通三防”和机电管理专项检查情况，专项检查期间，各级部门检查煤矿共788座，责令停产整顿煤矿33座。

　　2022年5月至11月，山西组织省、市、县应急管理部门分别对辖区煤矿开展“一通三防”和机电管理专项检查，此次专项检查针对省内所有正常生产建设煤矿及各市、县煤矿安全监管部门的监管情况，采用企业自查，市、县全覆盖检查，省厅抽查的方式开展。

　　专项检查期间，省、市、县成立检查组102个，各级部门检查煤矿共788座，发现各类安全隐患和问题20722条。其中，重大隐患26条，责令停产整顿煤矿33座，责令局部停止采掘工作面24处，暂扣安全生产许可证23个，实施行政处罚5223.3万元，矿长累计考核计分111分。

　　通报指出，此次专项检查发现的问题和隐患主要表现为：瓦斯防治基础工作不到位；瓦斯抽采管理不规范；防突措施落实不到位；现场管理工作不到位；安全监控系统运行不可靠；防灭火及防尘措施落实不到位；机电设备现场管理标准不高；供电系统运行不可靠，操作规程执行不到位。

　　通报要求，针对专项检查暴露出的问题，各级煤矿安全监管部门要立足当前，积极督促煤矿企业及时整改、完善制度、规范管理，认真分析问题，举一反三，进一步落实好“一通三防”和机电管理工作，确保安全生产。

　　同时，强化瓦斯抽采达标目标管理，严格落实综合防突措施，强化防灭火管理，健全完善机电管理机构，加强机电设备安全性能管理，切实保证供电安全可靠。

　　各级应急管理部门要充分认识当前安全生产形势，进一步强化责任落实，加大监管执法力度，持续开展好安全隐患排查工作；对于重大安全隐患零容忍，对存在重大隐患的煤矿立即依法依规停产整顿和行政处罚；瓦斯治理不到位、通风系统不完善、供电系统不可靠等重大问题的矿井立即停产整顿，并严肃处理；对瓦斯灾害严重、瓦斯防治能力不足、瓦斯事故多发的煤矿加强重点监控；对故意破坏监控系统、不及时上传数据、对参数测定弄虚作假等行为的煤矿比照事故调查，并依法追究相关人员刑事责任。(完)

　　（文图：赵筱尘 巫邓炎）